1 00:00:00,500 --> 00:00:04,818 The fourth sample was collected by Janette MacKinlay 2 00:00:04,853 --> 00:00:07,869 in her fourth floor apartment 3 00:00:07,904 --> 00:00:12,558 on Cedar Street and Liberty Street in New York City. 4 00:00:12,593 --> 00:00:17,544 This is a very interesting sample because Janette’s apartment 5 00:00:17,579 --> 00:00:22,394 was just across the street from the World Trade Center Plaza. 6 00:00:22,429 --> 00:00:27,295 As the South Tower collapsed she was in her apartment. 7 00:00:28,645 --> 00:00:33,658 The force of the collapse and the debris blowing from it across the street 8 00:00:33,693 --> 00:00:38,124 broke the windows of her apartment and the dust flowed in. 9 00:00:38,159 --> 00:00:42,869 We actually have photographs of the interior of Janette MacKinlay’s apartment, 10 00:00:42,904 --> 00:00:46,107 with this layer of dust everywhere. 11 00:00:46,142 --> 00:00:49,275 This is a very important sample 12 00:00:49,310 --> 00:00:54,579 because it was collected immediately as the tower was falling. 13 00:00:55,974 --> 00:00:58,757 I should mention that Janette MacKinlay, 14 00:00:58,792 --> 00:01:05,597 like so many others who breathed in this toxic World Trade Center dust, 15 00:01:05,632 --> 00:01:10,305 has become very sick, extremely ill. 16 00:01:10,340 --> 00:01:14,526 And many have died from this 17 00:01:14,561 --> 00:01:19,187 and this has been attributed to the toxicity of this dust, 18 00:01:19,222 --> 00:01:23,662 which according to scientists, had an alkalinity 19 00:01:23,697 --> 00:01:26,486 equivalent to that of liquid drain cleaner. 20 00:01:26,521 --> 00:01:32,965 There was also asbestos in the dust and other nasty things like mercury. 21 00:01:35,683 --> 00:01:39,395 Let me talk a little bit about the toxicity of the dust, 22 00:01:39,430 --> 00:01:44,698 having discussed now the chain of custody for each of these samples, 23 00:01:44,733 --> 00:01:49,966 which is clean, and we’d be glad to testify in court about these samples 24 00:01:50,001 --> 00:01:53,855 and the independence of them, the fact that they were not, 25 00:01:53,890 --> 00:01:56,613 and really could not, have been seeded. 26 00:01:56,648 --> 00:01:59,414 I rather resent that accusation. 27 00:01:59,449 --> 00:02:02,814 As if I knew how to make this stuff, to begin with, 28 00:02:02,849 --> 00:02:06,180 or would have a proclivity to seed scientific samples. 29 00:02:06,215 --> 00:02:08,416 No. We’re behaving as scientists 30 00:02:08,451 --> 00:02:12,633 and proceeding in a scientific matter as we study this dust. 31 00:02:12,668 --> 00:02:18,513 With regard to the World Trade Center dust sample collected by Janette MacKinlay, 32 00:02:18,548 --> 00:02:24,851 she told me that she had a sense that this dust could be usable 33 00:02:24,886 --> 00:02:32,281 in an art project of hers, a display. She is an artist. 34 00:02:32,316 --> 00:02:38,615 As my first report came out with regard to the World Trade Center destruction 35 00:02:38,650 --> 00:02:42,211 and the anomalies and my questions about the official story, 36 00:02:42,246 --> 00:02:45,138 Janette read that report and she contacted me 37 00:02:45,173 --> 00:02:47,531 and said she had this sample of the dust. 38 00:02:47,566 --> 00:02:49,232 Would I like to look at it? 39 00:02:49,267 --> 00:02:50,963 Of course I said I would. 40 00:02:50,998 --> 00:02:54,860 I actually traveled to California to visit Janette MacKinlay, 41 00:02:54,895 --> 00:02:56,925 and with other scientists present, 42 00:02:57,160 --> 00:03:01,024 I collected a sample of the World Trade Center dust. 43 00:03:01,059 --> 00:03:05,177 Subsequently, dust samples from Janette MacKinlay 44 00:03:05,212 --> 00:03:09,260 were sent directly to Dr. Farrer and to Kevin Ryan. 45 00:03:09,295 --> 00:03:16,568 All of us have seen these red-gray chips in this World Trade Center dust. 46 00:03:16,603 --> 00:03:23,842 So the chain of custody is clean and the science is very sound, I believe, 47 00:03:23,877 --> 00:03:28,052 and has been published and not refuted. 48 00:03:28,087 --> 00:03:32,682 So we feel we are on very solid ground with these studies. 49 00:03:32,717 --> 00:03:35,897 I know that I don't need to repeat 50 00:03:35,932 --> 00:03:41,186 what Dr. Farrer has described very adequately and very well. 51 00:03:41,221 --> 00:03:46,527 So I would like to emphasize certain conclusions 52 00:03:46,562 --> 00:03:50,728 that we determined from our study of the World Trade Center dust 53 00:03:50,763 --> 00:03:55,915 and this red material that Dr. Farrer has discussed so very adequately. 54 00:03:55,950 --> 00:03:58,303 I would like to say, before proceeding, 55 00:03:58,338 --> 00:04:03,149 that Dr. Farrer was a key in analyzing this red-gray material. 56 00:04:03,184 --> 00:04:07,925 And his expertise with both the scanning electron microscope 57 00:04:07,960 --> 00:04:13,338 and the transmission electron microscope proved to be invaluable in this study. 58 00:04:14,440 --> 00:04:19,000 So significant conclusions regarding this red-gray material 59 00:04:19,035 --> 00:04:20,946 that we found in the dust. 60 00:04:20,981 --> 00:04:25,987 The primary elements in the red material 61 00:04:26,022 --> 00:04:32,177 are aluminum, iron oxide, as well as silicon and carbon. 62 00:04:32,212 --> 00:04:36,005 I’d like to say that the silicon first confused me 63 00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:42,564 when I saw that in this red material, because it’s not needed in thermite. 64 00:04:42,599 --> 00:04:49,088 In thermite, you need is fuel, aluminum and a metal oxide such as iron oxide, 65 00:04:49,123 --> 00:04:55,109 so that the oxygen goes from the iron oxide to the aluminum 66 00:04:55,144 --> 00:04:59,315 with the release of enormous amounts of energy. 67 00:04:59,350 --> 00:05:03,452 And this also results in production of molten iron. 68 00:05:03,487 --> 00:05:11,026 And some of that would be, as molten iron is being formed explosively, 69 00:05:11,061 --> 00:05:13,559 it will form droplets in the air. 70 00:05:13,594 --> 00:05:22,203 We do see many iron-rich droplets, both in the World Trade Center dust 71 00:05:22,238 --> 00:05:30,117 and in the residue, the ash, from burning these red-gray chips. 72 00:05:30,152 --> 00:05:33,370 The question about the silicon: Why is that present? 73 00:05:33,405 --> 00:05:36,588 I think it was Kevin Ryan that pointed out to me 74 00:05:36,623 --> 00:05:40,477 that as nano-thermite is being made, 75 00:05:40,512 --> 00:05:46,081 this is now thermite with very tiny constituents of iron oxide and aluminum. 76 00:05:46,116 --> 00:05:52,510 When nano-thermite is being made, typically silicon is involved in the mix. 77 00:05:52,545 --> 00:05:58,094 It becomes part of the matrix, when the solgel method is used, for example. 78 00:05:58,129 --> 00:06:03,644 Which is described in detail in the literature from the defense laboratories, 79 00:06:03,679 --> 00:06:05,577 such as Livermore. 80 00:06:07,324 --> 00:06:11,207 These defense laboratories are very excited about nano-thermite 81 00:06:11,242 --> 00:06:14,524 because of its applications for explosives, and so on. 82 00:06:14,559 --> 00:06:18,240 They do say that they will not go into all the applications. 83 00:06:18,275 --> 00:06:23,464 I remember, at least one of the national lab papers discussing the fact 84 00:06:23,499 --> 00:06:28,213 that nano-thermite can be used for controlled demolitions. 85 00:06:28,248 --> 00:06:30,183 I thought that was interesting. 86 00:06:30,218 --> 00:06:35,750 At least for igniting the standard explosives, such as C4. 87 00:06:35,785 --> 00:06:41,835 The iron oxide appears in faceted grains, approximately 100 nm across, 88 00:06:41,870 --> 00:06:44,685 as Dr. Farrer described. 89 00:06:44,720 --> 00:06:50,467 The aluminum appears in thin platelets about 40 nm thick. 90 00:06:50,502 --> 00:06:56,781 It is the small size of the particles involved in this material 91 00:06:56,816 --> 00:07:00,947 that allow us to characterize it as nano-thermite. 92 00:07:02,200 --> 00:07:05,695 In ordinary thermite, the particle size is much larger, 93 00:07:05,730 --> 00:07:09,025 and hence, ordinary thermite is an incendiary. 94 00:07:09,060 --> 00:07:16,179 As the particle size becomes smaller and smaller, it can become explosive. 95 00:07:16,214 --> 00:07:19,035 Super-thermite it’s sometimes called. 96 00:07:19,070 --> 00:07:28,912 Dr. Farrer found that the iron and oxygen are in a phase consistent with Fe203. 97 00:07:28,947 --> 00:07:33,447 And Dr. Farrer conducted studies in the differential scanning calorimeter 98 00:07:33,482 --> 00:07:37,273 and found that the material ignites, reacts vigorously 99 00:07:37,308 --> 00:07:43,654 at a temperature of approximately 430°C, consistent in each sample. 100 00:07:43,689 --> 00:07:49,806 This is approximately the temperature at which nano-thermite ignited 101 00:07:49,841 --> 00:07:56,272 in a study published by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. 102 00:07:56,307 --> 00:08:01,111 Also, the narrowness of the heat trace, the DSC trace, 103 00:08:01,146 --> 00:08:05,880 indicates that a very rapid reaction has occurred, 104 00:08:05,915 --> 00:08:10,868 both in the study with known nano-thermite and in the study of the red material, 105 00:08:10,903 --> 00:08:14,248 as found in the World Trade Center dust. 106 00:08:14,283 --> 00:08:23,247 We found that the spheroids that are rich in iron produced by the DSC test, 107 00:08:23,282 --> 00:08:27,960 that is, by the ignition of the red material in the DSC, 108 00:08:27,995 --> 00:08:33,858 have a signature that is rich in iron, 109 00:08:33,893 --> 00:08:39,687 with not enough oxygen to make even FeO. 110 00:08:39,722 --> 00:08:43,900 So that indicates to us that the iron has been reduced. 111 00:08:43,935 --> 00:08:47,978 Which, again is a signature for the thermite reaction. 112 00:08:48,013 --> 00:08:50,305 So the formation of the spheres, 113 00:08:50,340 --> 00:08:54,740 which implies a very high temperature, over 1400°C 114 00:08:54,775 --> 00:08:58,908 and the reduction of the iron oxide to an iron-rich phase, 115 00:08:58,943 --> 00:09:02,114 indicate that a thermitic reaction has occurred. 116 00:09:02,149 --> 00:09:09,506 And therefore we are able to call this material an active thermitic material, 117 00:09:09,541 --> 00:09:16,863 both from our DSC studies and from the results from the electron microscopes. 118 00:09:16,898 --> 00:09:21,430 Let’s not forget that this red material 119 00:09:21,465 --> 00:09:24,365 also contains a significant amount of carbon. 120 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:28,525 And the formulation of nano-thermite 121 00:09:28,560 --> 00:09:32,424 as described by national laboratory publications 122 00:09:32,459 --> 00:09:36,253 also implies the presence of carbon very typically. 123 00:09:36,288 --> 00:09:42,591 The organic is used with nano-thermite in order to produce gas 124 00:09:42,626 --> 00:09:50,113 that is a very high-pressure gas that makes the nano-thermite an explosive. 125 00:09:50,148 --> 00:09:52,946 So all these results are consistent 126 00:09:52,981 --> 00:09:57,531 with the presence of a pyrotechnic or explosive 127 00:09:57,566 --> 00:10:02,047 in the World Trade Center dust in large quantities 128 00:10:02,082 --> 00:10:05,848 that really should not be present in an office building 129 00:10:05,883 --> 00:10:08,255 in downtown New York City. 130 00:10:10,028 --> 00:10:14,082 We need some investigation that will take the blinders off and say: 131 00:10:14,117 --> 00:10:16,573 We’re not just going to look at fires. 132 00:10:16,608 --> 00:10:19,460 We will consider the possibility of explosives 133 00:10:19,495 --> 00:10:22,079 and we will look for explosive residues 134 00:10:22,114 --> 00:10:27,161 as we have done on our own initiative, in the World Trade Center dust 135 00:10:27,196 --> 00:10:30,153 and on the steel that Dr. Farrer mentioned. 136 00:10:30,188 --> 00:10:33,712 We need an investigation that will have the power 137 00:10:33,747 --> 00:10:40,533 to subpoena these samples collected by Professor Barnett. 138 00:10:40,568 --> 00:10:44,920 And then we’ll look at the residues that you can see in photographs 139 00:10:44,955 --> 00:10:50,609 of this Swiss-cheese steel from the World Trade Center 7 and from the Towers 140 00:10:50,644 --> 00:10:55,697 and be able to determine if this residue has aluminum entrained in it, 141 00:10:55,732 --> 00:10:58,456 as we'd expect from the use of thermite. 142 00:10:58,491 --> 00:11:02,839 It’s the residue on the surface, this grayish residue that you can see. 143 00:11:02,874 --> 00:11:06,765 I predict that aluminum will be found entrained 144 00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:10,822 in that residue on the surface. Or some other... 145 00:11:10,857 --> 00:11:14,974 I mean, thermite can be made from other combinations. 146 00:11:15,009 --> 00:11:17,358 But one would expect aluminum 147 00:11:17,393 --> 00:11:22,883 as the most readily available fuel for this type of high-energy reaction, 148 00:11:22,918 --> 00:11:29,092 that would result in the sulfidation and even evaporation of steel. 149 00:11:29,127 --> 00:11:33,274 Because the temperatures can be reached by thermite. 150 00:11:33,309 --> 00:11:37,421 In conclusion, I strongly support an investigation, 151 00:11:37,456 --> 00:11:41,660 a thorough and fully funded investigation 152 00:11:41,695 --> 00:11:45,350 of the events and people involved in 9/11. 153 00:11:45,385 --> 00:11:48,970 Allow people to come forward and testify 154 00:11:49,005 --> 00:11:53,485 of what they have heard about 9/11 from various sources. 155 00:11:54,450 --> 00:11:56,349 We need this investigation. 156 00:11:56,384 --> 00:12:01,467 Right now, there is in effect a dark cloud hanging over America 157 00:12:01,502 --> 00:12:04,181 because of these unanswered questions. 158 00:12:04,216 --> 00:12:09,858 It would be better to face this head-on and allow a thorough investigation, 159 00:12:09,893 --> 00:12:15,800 and perform this investigation in such a way as to get at some answers. 160 00:12:15,835 --> 00:12:19,052 So we need this investigation. 161 00:12:19,087 --> 00:12:23,374 I think that's all I have to say about that today.